Cygnus X-1 je jednou z\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rentgenov\u00fdch dvojhv\u011bzd v\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed Galaxii. Tato soustava se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00a0masivn\u00edho modr\u00e9ho nadobra a\u00a0neviditeln\u00e9ho spole\u010dn\u00edka, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u010dernou d\u00edru. Dvojhv\u011bzda je sledov\u00e1na dlouhodob\u011b celou \u0159adou p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f. Ma\u00efmouna Brigitte z\u00a0Odd\u011blen\u00ed galaxi\u00ed ASU, ve spolupr\u00e1ci s kolegy z dal\u0161\u00edch \u010desk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b Stel\u00e1rn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed ASU, studovala jednotliv\u00e9 slo\u017eky akretuj\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu na z\u00e1klad\u011b nov\u00e9 sady pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0optick\u00e9 i\u00a0rentgenov\u00e9 oblasti spektra. K\u00a0dispozici m\u011bla mimo jin\u00e9 optick\u00e1 data po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 2-m Perkov\u00fdm dalekohledem v\u00a0Ond\u0159ejov\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rentgenov\u00e9 dvojhv\u011bzdy jsou v\u017edy podobn\u00e9 konfigurace jako zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 dvojhv\u011bzda Cygnus X-1. Ob\u011b hv\u011bzdy jsou si bl\u00edzko, tak\u017ee v pozdn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch jejich v\u00fdvoje doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159etok\u016fm l\u00e1tky na druhou slo\u017eku. Materi\u00e1l z hv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho v\u011btru nadobra je akretov\u00e1n na \u010dernou d\u00edru, kde vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed akre\u010dn\u00ed disk vyza\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed siln\u00e9 rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Syst\u00e9m Cygnus X-1 byl objeven v roce 1964 a od t\u00e9 doby se stal kl\u00ed\u010dovou laborato\u0159\u00ed pro studium akrece hmoty na kompaktn\u00ed objekty. Dnes ji\u017e s velkou jistotou v\u00edme, \u017ee kompaktn\u00ed slo\u017eka soustavy je \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra o hmotnosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 21 slunc\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jej\u00ed hv\u011bzdn\u00fd souputn\u00edk je modr\u00fd nadobr s hmotnost\u00ed asi 40 slunc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Syst\u00e9my rentgenov\u00fdch dvojhv\u011bzd vykazuj\u00ed zna\u010dnou prom\u011bnnost sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch spektr\u00e1ln\u00edch oblastech. V\u00fdvoj \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s mno\u017estv\u00edm akrece a tedy v\u00fdznamnost\u00ed akre\u010dn\u00edho disku. V tzv. n\u00edzk\u00e9m tvrd\u00e9m stavu vznik\u00e1 m\u011bkk\u00e9 rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na vnit\u0159n\u00edm okraji akre\u010dn\u00edho disku, v r\u00e1mci disku ale (Comptonov\u00fdm) rozptylem na voln\u00fdch elektronech z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 energii a tvrdne. V okol\u00ed akre\u010dn\u00edho disku (p\u0159esn\u00e1 geometrie je st\u00e1le c\u00edlem studi\u00ed) vznik\u00e1 hork\u00e1 kor\u00f3na. Naproti tomu ve vysok\u00e9m m\u011bkk\u00e9m stavu je rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed dominov\u00e1no tepelnou emis\u00ed z disku. Z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je m\u011bk\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e v tvrd\u00e9m stavu, ale je ho v\u00fdznamn\u011b v\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed: web ASU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Popis \u00favodn\u00edho obr\u00e1zku:<\/strong> Schematick\u00e1 ilustrace syst\u00e9mu Cygnus X-1. Fialov\u00fd a\u00a0oran\u017eov\u00fd obd\u00e9ln\u00edk ozna\u010duj\u00ed dv\u011b slo\u017eky izolovan\u00e9 metodou rozmot\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed spekter. Soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fd v\u00edtr vane v chuchvalc\u00edch do okol\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, kde tvo\u0159\u00ed akre\u010dn\u00ed disk. (kredit:\u00a0A.\u00a0Yilmaz)<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Cygnus X-1 je jednou z\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rentgenov\u00fdch dvojhv\u011bzd v\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed Galaxii. Tato soustava se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00a0masivn\u00edho modr\u00e9ho nadobra a\u00a0neviditeln\u00e9ho spole\u010dn\u00edka, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u010dernou d\u00edru. Dvojhv\u011bzda<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3370,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37,32,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-horke-hvezdy","category-novinky","category-perek-2m"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stel.asu.cas.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stel.asu.cas.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stel.asu.cas.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stel.asu.cas.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stel.asu.cas.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3368"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/stel.asu.cas.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3368\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3376,"href":"https:\/\/stel.asu.cas.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3368\/revisions\/3376"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stel.asu.cas.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stel.asu.cas.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stel.asu.cas.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stel.asu.cas.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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